- Type: Mass timber is made from solid lumber boards layered crosswise and glued together, designed as a structural building material.
- Core Material: Solid softwood boards.
- Manufacturing: Kiln-dried softwood boards such as spruce, pine, or fir are stacked in perpendicular layers, usually 3, 5, 7, or more, and bonded with structural adhesives under high pressure to form large, solid panels. CLT panels consist of these multiple layers of lumber boards, typically each 20 – 40 mm thick, creating strong, stable, and versatile structural elements used in modern construction.
- Layers / Construction: Crosswise lamination (3 – 7 layers).
- Adhesive Type: Polyurethane, Melamine, MDI.
- Thickness Range: 60 mm, 90 mm, 100 mm, 120 mm, 140 mm, 160 mm, 180 mm, 200 mm, 240 mm, 300 mm. Standard panels often have thicknesses of: 60 mm (3 layers), 90 mm (5 layers), 120 mm to 300 mm (7 to 11 layers or more). Thickness is customizable based on structural needs and project specifications.
- Dimensions Available: 1220 × 2440 mm (Standard), 1200 × 2400 mm, 1250 × 2500 mm, 2400 × 4800 mm, 3000 × 6000 mm.
- Density: ~470 – 500 kg/m³.
- Moisture Resistance (MR): High.
- Fire Rating: Euro class B-s2, d0.
- Formaldehyde Emissions: Very low (E0, NAUF).
- Janka Hardness: Varies by species.
- Modulus of Elasticity (MOE): ~11000 – 13000 MPa.
- Modulus of Rupture (MOR): ~24 – 40 MPa.
- Dimensional Stability: Excellent.
- Surface Finish: Exposed or concealed.
- Color / Appearance: Natural wood.
- Durability: High durability when kept dry or properly protected, are strong and dimensionally stable, and can be treated for fire, pests, or moisture if needed.
- Mechanical Properties: Excellent strength and rigidity in two directions due to their cross-laminated structure, performing like reinforced concrete panels in load distribution and are suitable for mid- and high-rise construction.
- Stability: Exceptional dimensional stability, with cross-lamination reducing expansion, contraction, and warping, keeping large panels flat and straight over time.
- Water Resistant: Standard CLT is not waterproof and must be protected from prolonged water exposure, but can be treated or sealed for moisture resistance during construction and use.
- Workability: Excellent (CNC compatible).
- Screw Holding Strength: Excellent.
- Edge Integrity: High.
- Eco Certification: FSC, PEFC, LEED.
- Estimated Prices: Around ~US $550 – $700+ Per m3 / Final prices depend on raw material quality, board density and thickness, surface treatments, manufacturing technology, customization, regional costs, logistics, market demand, environmental standards, brand reputation, and order volume.
- Use Cases: Floors, walls, and roofs in mass timber buildings, structural panels for multi-story buildings, prefabricated modular construction, bridges, heavy timber structures, and as a sustainable replacement for concrete or steel.
